Odynophagia
(Pain when swallowing)

Odynophagia is a term used to describe pain when swallowing food, drinks or saliva and is a common side effect of radiation therapy to the Head & Neck. Radiation therapy often causes swelling and ulceration of the lining of the nose, mouth and /or throat, also known as mucositis. Painful swallowing often begins at around the second or third week of radiation therapy and can continue for several weeks after treatment has finished. 

Depending on where your radiation therapy is applied you may get some swelling and ulceration in the nasal lining, mouth and / or throat that causes pain when swallowing.

Depending on where your radiation therapy is applied you may get some swelling and ulceration in the nasal lining, mouth and / or throat that causes pain when swallowing.

Your Radiation Oncologist and Oncology Nursing staff will review you regularly to discuss and manage symptoms of the radiation therapy, including pain. Your Radiation Oncologist will advise you which pain medications to take to control the pain to allow you to swallow.

If your pain when swallowing becomes worse, despite taking the pain medications as prescribed, it is important to let your doctor or nurse know as soon as possible. 

Painful swallowing can impact on your ability to eat and drink safely and if this occurs your speech pathologist can assess your swallow and help you to choose foods and drinks that are safer and more comfortable to swallow.


Other strategies to help reduce pain in your mouth and throat include: 

  • Regular mouth care (see link - mouth care routine).

  • Cool drinks / ice drink can help soothe the burning sensation. 

  • Choose softer, smoother textures and add extra sauce/gravy (I.e. yogurt, custard, stews, soups and smoothies). 

  • Avoid rough and dry textures, citrus or spicy foods and hot temperatures. 

  • Avoid smoking and alcohol.


While staying on top of your pain is important, some pain relief mediations can have side effects, including constipation. If you are having difficulty passing bowel motions, speak to your doctors, nurse or dietitian. 

Some tips for managing constipation during treatment include: 

  • Keep well hydrated 

  • Seek advice from your treating team on appropriate medications to use (ie laxatives to soften the stool). 

  • Treat signs of constipation early 

  • Maintain gentle exercises such as walking.If you require further assistance with managing Odynophagia please speak to an Oncology Nurse or seek a consultation with a Speech Pathologist.

If you require further assistance with managing Odynophagia please speak to an Oncology Nurse or seek a consultation with a Speech Pathologist.

Page reviewed 5th May 2021